Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
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Customer ratings for BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 7", BLACK
Number of ratings: 9
From brownells.com: 9
Average rating: 5
Impressive Quality and Design(29/02/2016)
Received this product for a recent build and upon opening the box I was impressed with the finish, machining, fitment, lay out of the components, and engineering. I had been considering purchasing a KMR, but wasn't ready to pay for the aluminum/magnesium alloy version; therefore, the alpha version was quite appealing at its price point. It's obvious this handguard was well thought out, and engineered to the max. Assembly was simple and well laid out in the instructions, which was a pleasant surprise. I had zero issues getting it to fit, although they are not exaggerating the tightness of the fit with the barrel nut. Using a heat gun helped in expanding the female end to accept the barrel nut, and having a torque wrench and torx head torque wrench driver were required. I'm very satisfied with my purchase and would purchase again.
Awesome(27/05/2016)
Install was easy, fit my Rock River without applying heat. Sturdy and functional, looks awesome.
Worth every penny!!!(25/01/2017)
I've owned or own Daniel Defense, Knights Armament, Magpul and Bravo Company handguards and I must say that my BCM 15" KMR Alpha Keymod Handguard is my absolute favorite. It is super light yet surprisingly sturdy. I covered the open Keymod holes with BCM covers and don't even like using my other uppers anymore. I am on here right now, taking advantage of a Brownells coupon code, to order another to replace my Daniel Defense quad rail.
Excellant(13/03/2016)
After installing several manufacturers hand-guards I was looking for something a little bit more durable than others. This hand-guard mounting system is MUCH stronger and well though out than some popular brands. Installation is of course also tougher. Seeing this was my first, and I still got it done, I would not say it's overtly complicated, just follow directions and you will get it done. If you look into the clamping system of this hand-guard you will see the genius in the design.
Simply simple, simply strong(30/04/2016)
First off, thanks to Brownell's for the fast shipping. The product, WOW what a great hand guard. I found this hand guard to be incredibly strong for such a light weight rail. The install was easy, but you do need to do the "blow dryer" thing to get it on, and a rubber mallet as well. REALLY tight fit, which is what you want in a free float system. The Keymod system is just awesome.
excellent product(17/05/2016)
This is a repeat buy. Like the barrel nut as there's no concerns with the gas tube line up. Well thought out. Only con there really proud of it by the price. Hate to admit it its well worth it even at the price it is. Just wish you could get it for around the hundred dollar range. But you get what you pay for and the quality is worth it. Will still buy another when we build the next one. Follow the instructions. An other trick we have learned as a auto tech. Put your receiver into the freezer for 30 minutes then heat the hand guard as suggested you will get more clearance between the hand guard and barrel nut. The cold will contract it.
Excellent product, just get it. (26/10/2016)
Excellent product, I trust my life with it. Use it for work, hunting and home defense. Install was simple, fit and finish perfect, usability is great. Keymod allows plenty of options for mounting assessories. Hard to justify the cost on a low salary, but worth it if it keeps me alive.
No longer a Skeptic(10/06/2017)
I was skeptical of the design because of other manufacturers with a similar product which caused accuracy issues. Not this forend!
First of all it came with a 3" picatinny rail section and QD swivel mount. Design features include an alignment piece that doubles as an anti rotation device, coupled with the opposing/interlocking clamp screws, this design cannot move. The top clamp design is much more well thought out and the fit is tight. If fired till hot it will only get tighter. Slim and trim yet functional and strong and lightweight. Hard to believe you get all of it in the same package! I'm no longer skeptical. Buy with confidence. Installation went smoothly. Follow the directions. The advice on freezing the upper/barrel nut would help make things easier but was not necessary in my case.
Best in the business(31/01/2018)
I love this hand guard. Very slim, tightly fitted, solid, light weight, everything you could ask it to do.
Product no.: 100018327 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 7", BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A7-556-812526020376 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a lightweight, free-floating handguard designed for AR-15s, providing improved accuracy and plenty of KeyMod™ slots for accessories.
It features a built-in Picatinny top rail, additional KeyMod™ slots at the 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions, and comes with a proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware.
The handguard has a unique flat-bottomed shape for comfortable handling and stable support when shooting from surfaces, and is made from robust aluminum with a non-reflective anodized finish.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100018333 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 13", BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A13-556812526020413 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a lightweight, free-floating handguard designed for AR-15s, offering improved accuracy and a multitude of KeyMod slots for accessories.
Constructed from robust aluminum with a non-reflective anodized finish, it includes a built-in Picatinny top rail, and it comes with a proprietary barrel nut and one KeyMod rail segment.
The handguard features a unique flat-bottomed shape for comfortable handling and stable shooting when resting on surfaces, enhancing user experience during operation.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100018334 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 15", BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A15-556812526020420 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a free-floating, lightweight aluminum construction with a hardcoat anodized finish, designed to improve AR-15 accuracy and provide ample KeyMod slots for accessories.
It features a built-in Picatinny rail on top, KeyMod slots at the 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions, and includes a proprietary barrel nut and one KeyMod rail segment.
The handguard's ergonomic design flares at the front, offering a comfortable grip and stable shooting platform, compatible with both KeyMod and MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100026754 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD 17" BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A17-556812526021502 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a lightweight, free-floating handguard that enhances accuracy and has ample KeyMod slots for accessories.
It includes a built-in Picatinny top rail, additional KeyMod slots at 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions, and comes with one KeyMod rail segment.
The handguard is made from robust aluminum with a non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish and features a comfortable, flat-bottomed shape for shooting stability.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100018332 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 10.5", BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A10-556812526020406 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a free-floating, lightweight aluminum handguard with a non-reflective anodized finish, designed to improve accuracy and provide versatile accessory mounting options via KeyMod slots.
It features a built-in Picatinny top rail, KeyMod slots at the 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions, and includes proprietary mounting hardware and one KeyMod rail segment.
The handguard has a unique flat-bottomed shape for comfortable handling and stable shooting, and is compatible with standard AR-15 upper receivers, measuring 10.5" in length.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100018330 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 8", BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A8-556-812526020383 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a lightweight, free-floating handguard with a built-in Picatinny top rail and additional KeyMod slots for accessory attachment.
It is constructed from robust aluminum with a non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish and includes a proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware.
The handguard features a unique flat-bottomed shape for comfortable handling and stable shooting off surfaces, and it comes with one KeyMod rail segment.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Product no.: 100018331 BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 9.4" BLACK Mfr Part: BCM-KMR-A9-556-812526020390 Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
The BCM KMR Alpha Handguard is a free-floating, lightweight aluminum construction that enhances accuracy and offers KeyMod slots for attachments.
It includes a built-in Picatinny top rail and additional KeyMod slots at 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions for versatile accessory mounting.
The handguard comes with a proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware, plus one KeyMod rail segment, with additional segments available for purchase.
Made in USA
US export classification: 0A501.y.1
This item is controlled by the U.S. government and authorized for export only to the country of ultimate destination for use by the ultimate consignee or end-user(s) herein identified. It may not be resold, transferred, or otherwise disposed of, to any other country or to any person other than the authorized ultimate consignee or end-user(s), either in their original form or after being incorporated into other items, without first obtaining approval from the U.S. government or as otherwise authorized by U.S. law and regulations.
Upgrade your AR-15 with the lightweight BCMGUNFIGHTER™ KMR Alpha Handguard. 🌟 Enjoy precision and versatility with KeyMod™ slots!
Bravo Company’s machined aluminum BCM KMR Alpha Handguard free-floats the barrel for better accuracy potential while it provides plenty of KeyMod™ slots for add-on rail segments and accessories. Built-in Picatinny top rail is supplemented by KeyMod™ slots at - and between - the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. Fits standard AR-15 upper receiver Lightweight yet robust aluminum construction, reinforced with non-reflective hardcoat anodized finish 1.5" O.D., measured flat-to-flat, 1.3" I.D. Proprietary barrel nut and mounting hardware INCLUDED Comes with one KeyMod rail segment - more rail segments sold separately The Bravo Company BCM KMR Alpha Handguard flares slightly at the front into a special, flat-bottomed shape that's comfortable to hold, and provides stable support when shooting off barricade or obstacle. Brownells Gun Tech™ Note: The KeyMod™ accessory-mounting system was developed by Eric Kincel, who is now the director of Bravo Company’s product development team. It is designed to work in parallel with the existing MIL-STD 1913 Picatinny rail systems, often providing greater versatility, modularity, and ease of configuring accessories than Picatinny rails alone.
More...
Customer ratings for BRAVO COMPANY KMR ALPHA KEYMOD HANDGUARD, 7", BLACK
Number of ratings: 9
From brownells.com: 9
Average rating: 5
Impressive Quality and Design(29/02/2016)
Received this product for a recent build and upon opening the box I was impressed with the finish, machining, fitment, lay out of the components, and engineering. I had been considering purchasing a KMR, but wasn't ready to pay for the aluminum/magnesium alloy version; therefore, the alpha version was quite appealing at its price point. It's obvious this handguard was well thought out, and engineered to the max. Assembly was simple and well laid out in the instructions, which was a pleasant surprise. I had zero issues getting it to fit, although they are not exaggerating the tightness of the fit with the barrel nut. Using a heat gun helped in expanding the female end to accept the barrel nut, and having a torque wrench and torx head torque wrench driver were required. I'm very satisfied with my purchase and would purchase again.
Awesome(27/05/2016)
Install was easy, fit my Rock River without applying heat. Sturdy and functional, looks awesome.
Worth every penny!!!(25/01/2017)
I've owned or own Daniel Defense, Knights Armament, Magpul and Bravo Company handguards and I must say that my BCM 15" KMR Alpha Keymod Handguard is my absolute favorite. It is super light yet surprisingly sturdy. I covered the open Keymod holes with BCM covers and don't even like using my other uppers anymore. I am on here right now, taking advantage of a Brownells coupon code, to order another to replace my Daniel Defense quad rail.
Excellant(13/03/2016)
After installing several manufacturers hand-guards I was looking for something a little bit more durable than others. This hand-guard mounting system is MUCH stronger and well though out than some popular brands. Installation is of course also tougher. Seeing this was my first, and I still got it done, I would not say it's overtly complicated, just follow directions and you will get it done. If you look into the clamping system of this hand-guard you will see the genius in the design.
Simply simple, simply strong(30/04/2016)
First off, thanks to Brownell's for the fast shipping. The product, WOW what a great hand guard. I found this hand guard to be incredibly strong for such a light weight rail. The install was easy, but you do need to do the "blow dryer" thing to get it on, and a rubber mallet as well. REALLY tight fit, which is what you want in a free float system. The Keymod system is just awesome.
excellent product(17/05/2016)
This is a repeat buy. Like the barrel nut as there's no concerns with the gas tube line up. Well thought out. Only con there really proud of it by the price. Hate to admit it its well worth it even at the price it is. Just wish you could get it for around the hundred dollar range. But you get what you pay for and the quality is worth it. Will still buy another when we build the next one. Follow the instructions. An other trick we have learned as a auto tech. Put your receiver into the freezer for 30 minutes then heat the hand guard as suggested you will get more clearance between the hand guard and barrel nut. The cold will contract it.
Excellent product, just get it. (26/10/2016)
Excellent product, I trust my life with it. Use it for work, hunting and home defense. Install was simple, fit and finish perfect, usability is great. Keymod allows plenty of options for mounting assessories. Hard to justify the cost on a low salary, but worth it if it keeps me alive.
No longer a Skeptic(10/06/2017)
I was skeptical of the design because of other manufacturers with a similar product which caused accuracy issues. Not this forend!
First of all it came with a 3" picatinny rail section and QD swivel mount. Design features include an alignment piece that doubles as an anti rotation device, coupled with the opposing/interlocking clamp screws, this design cannot move. The top clamp design is much more well thought out and the fit is tight. If fired till hot it will only get tighter. Slim and trim yet functional and strong and lightweight. Hard to believe you get all of it in the same package! I'm no longer skeptical. Buy with confidence. Installation went smoothly. Follow the directions. The advice on freezing the upper/barrel nut would help make things easier but was not necessary in my case.
Best in the business(31/01/2018)
I love this hand guard. Very slim, tightly fitted, solid, light weight, everything you could ask it to do.